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Brendan: Welcome to the Astrophiz Podcast. My identify is Brendan O ‘Brien, and initially, we want to acknowledge Australia’s first astronomers, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals, the normal house owners and custodians of the land we’re on.
This episode is produced on Yorta Yorta nation … and we’d additionally such as you to affect your native politicians to do extra to mitigate local weather change by transferring from fossil fuels to renewable power sources. Our audio recordsdata and transcripts can be found on our web site at Astrophiz.com, and our MP3 recordsdata may be freely streamed or downloaded to your favourite gadget from our SoundCloud channel, from Pocketcasts, Spotify, our free Audible stream, YouTube podcasts and Apple Podcasts. And proper now we’re zooming over 7 time zones proper as much as the highest of the world to talk with an exquisite astrophysicist on the College of Helsinki in Finland, Jenni Häkkinen.
Let’s go.
Brendan: Whats up Jenni.
Jenni: Whats up Brendan.
Brendan: At the moment, listeners, we’re fortunate sufficient to be talking with Jenni Häkkinen, a wonderful PhD candidate from Finland who has been working with a tremendous small staff who’ve performed an enormous factor. They’ve turned science on its head with their new paper in Nature Astronomy that adjustments our understanding of the destiny of the Andromeda Galaxy and our very personal Milky Method Galaxy.
First up, congratulations and thanks for talking with us right this moment, Jenni.
Jenni: Thanks a lot. Thanks for inviting me right here and really excited to speak about this matter with you.
Brendan: It’s a pleasure. So earlier than we speak about Andromeda and the Milky Method, are you able to inform us the place you grew up, please, Jenni? And will you inform us the way you first turned curious about science and house?
Jenni: Yeah, certain. So I’m from Klaukkala, which is a smallish city of about 20 ,000 individuals, a bit over 30 kilometers north of Helsinki which is the capital of Finland. So Finland-wise, fairly south of the nation. I don’t actually bear in mind if I had some actually massive epiphany about science once I was younger. I do do not forget that I like to take a look at the celebrities. We’ve a household cottage form of in a distant space in Finland the place you don’t have a lot gentle air pollution and the constellations may be seen very nicely.
I do do not forget that at school I used to be very early on good at and curious about math after which physics and chemistry when that began. So I feel the curiosity for house then additionally one way or the other began to build up from there.
Brendan:, okay. look, may you inform us slightly bit about these college days at Vaskivuori Higher Secondary College, and your earliest ambitions and if these earlier ambitions change then advanced and morphed over time.
Jenni: Yeah, so Vaskivuori Higher Secondary College in Finland is for the ages of 15 to 18 so after elementary and center college and there you possibly can select these superior research that you just research extra of and I selected math and physics and chemistry.
We had actually good science academics in our faculty and our physics instructor organized yearly I feel to the second graders journey to the division of physics on the College of Helsinki as part of this voluntary astronomy course that we may take And I feel that journey actually left an impression on me.
And I had just a few pals on my physics programs and within the spring, after we had utilized for college, we typically drove to the division to love, have a look at it, and marvel if all of us could be finding out there the subsequent fall. However that being stated, I didn’t initially come to college to review astronomy and truly nearly utilized to review biosciences …
… as a result of I form of was nonetheless trying away to mix physics and chemistry and I additionally received slightly bit curious about biology, and I utilized to the physics program in Helsinki as a result of there was this feature to do form of a wide-ranging diploma the place you can select a number of topics to specialize on and I used to be planning to mix physics and chemistry however I form of received caught on that ever since, after which scrapped my unique concept of doing this mixed diploma of physics and chemistry.
Brendan: So specializing at an early stage. So after your profitable college profession, you probably did your Bachelor of Science in theoretical physics on the College of Helsinki, and there you continued your research and also you had been awarded your Grasp of Science diploma in particle physics andcosmology … and now you’re a bit over a 12 months into your doctorate in astrophysics and cosmology.
Now, for our early profession researchers and undergraduates listening, may you inform us how you organized it and why you determined to do your PhD in Astrophysics and Cosmology?
Jenni: Yeah, these are some actually good questions. So like I stated, I received into theoretical physics, after which after my bachelor’s diploma, I used to be actually curious about cosmology, and I ended up doing my Grasp’s thesis on finding out early universe gravitational waves, which was extra of like this mix of particle physics and cosmology.
I did just like the venture that I used to be doing and I cherished the analysis group I used to be a part of, however for numerous causes once I was graduating and form of beginning to look into PhD alternatives, the funding state of affairs and likewise the supervision assets was a bit unclear and I needed to begin to look into different alternatives.
Due to that, I additionally began to assume what I’d then prefer to work on, and I knew that I wished to do one thing associated to cosmology, and I knew that I wished to do computational work.
Plenty of our research had advanced round paper-pen calculations, and I used to be very clear that that was not one thing I wished to proceed with. And through my research in my Grasp’s and in my Bachelor’s I had performed some extra programs on astronomy and galaxy formation, which can also be very tied into cosmology and form of from one other standpoint than particle physics.
And I feel then simply by luck and good timing my present PhD supervisor was promoting this place on some emailing record which had the astronomy college students on it and I answered the e-mail, expressed my curiosity and ended up getting the job.
Then perhaps form of why I made a decision I wished to do a PhD.
That wasn’t one thing I got here into college with in thoughts however I feel by the point I used to be graduating with my Masters I didn’t have any clear plan to what I’d wish to do if I left college.
I actually appreciated doing analysis and I used to be curious about studying extra in regards to the world and I additionally appreciated the thought of getting just a few further years to form of work out what I’d then love to do after which when it began to appear to be that I may do this by transferring into astrophysics, that sort of felt like form of a pleasant second to assume again onto my youthful self in that voluntary course in astronomy in highschool. And I believed that that is cool, however perhaps not one thing that I may make a profession out of.
Brendan: And also you’ve definitely launched it with this newest paper that’s been printed. That’s so cool. So the plan for right this moment is to take a look at your PhD research and get an concept of the strategies you’ve used to measure the vectors and actions of close by galaxies. Then take a look at your work on Andromeda and the Milky Method galaxies and the way your staff has given us a brand new perception into the destiny of our residence galaxy, the Milky Method. How does that sound, Jenni?
Jenni: Sounds actually good. Let’s get into it.
Brendan: Okay. So first, we’ll have a fast have a look at your PhD analysis to assist us perceive your private analysis trajectory. It appears such as you’re centered on three predominant areas.
One, you’re utilizing simulations. Two, you’re galaxy evolution, and three, you’re centered on our native group of galaxies.
Now, may you give us a short define of every of those three parts of your PhD analysis, please, Jenni?
Jenni: Yeah, certain. So simulations, I feel, work along with observations. So we have now satellites and telescopes that look into the sky and observe the objects which might be transferring there.
However then there are limitations to these machineries and I feel simulations are a option to lengthen what we will do with observational strategies. So that they undoubtedly work collectively.
As an illustration, we can’t see what’s immediately behind the aircraft of the Milky Method galaxy however simulations predict for us what could possibly be there. And what I’m doing is I’m trying into the way forward for our galaxy and the close by galaxies, and nicely clearly, with observations, we can’t go there, so simulations assist us lengthen into that realm.
What sort of simulations I take advantage of are these idealized simulations the place we put an object in isolation to the simulation and let it evolve … after which additionally I take advantage of cosmological simulations, the place the simulation features a cosmological surrounding for our system and it expands in time like our universe does, and has the properties that we count on the universe that we’re in has
… and I may point out that we use excessive efficiency computing as a result of the simulations are actually giant. They want plenty of assets and plenty of reminiscence. So we run them normally on supercomputers which have extra processing energy than the laptops we have now at work.
Then Galaxy Evolution, which could be very usually studied with simulations, combines cosmology. So what we all know form of the theoretical framework of the universe that we’re in, with some preliminary circumstances for our galaxies. So what sort of type we count on our galaxies to originate from.
After which a ton of bodily processes that I’m nonetheless attempting to study higher, however like normal exercise, hydrodynamics, electrodynamics, plenty of issues.
And it’s slightly bit messy, however you may have these totally different ideas that work collectively.
After which, such as you stated, I give attention to the native group of galaxies, which is the galaxy group that consists of our galaxy, the Milky Method, our neighboring galaxy Andromeda, after which about 100 identified decrease mass galaxies, such because the Triangulum Galaxy, and the Magellanic Clouds.
Brendan: Cool, thanks.Look, simply to comply with up on that, what are the large questions you’re asking for yourPhD, and what issues are you engaged on that you must overcome?
Jenni: So now I feel the largest query that I’m attempting to ask, and what we have now already been attempting to ask with the earlier paper … is how sure we will truly be about the way forward for the native group. It has been form of a textbook information for a bit over a decade that the Milky Method and the Andromeda will collide in about 4 to 5 billion years.
And our most up-to-date research, which we will speak about later, discovered that this would possibly solely be a couple of fifty–fifty probability of the merger
And for this, I want the cosmological simulations, which embrace the environmental results of those galaxies. And we have now discovered some fascinating issues with this as a result of nobody’s ever appeared into the long run earlier than, not less than not on this extent.
So operating simulations previous redshift zero has been fascinating and we discovered some points that we have now not encountered earlier than, so there was plenty of debugging in that, however it’s most definitely actually fascinating to see what we discover out.
Brendan: That’s superior! New issues. So thrilling. Thanks!
So look, that brings us now to the staff that you just labored with to supply that lovely Nature Astronomy paper. It should have been a lot enjoyable … and extremely exhausting work by the sound of it, working with such a talented staff.
Now, would you want to say a number of the different staff members and the specialist abilities that they introduced into the venture?
Jenni: Undoubtedly, I’d.
So, firstly, I’ve to say the primary creator of the paper and my supervisor, Til Sawala, who got here up with the thought for the research and likewise wrote and did plenty of the precise evaluation on the venture.
Then I’d additionally like to say Jehanne Delhomelle:, who on the time was a Bachelor scholar within the College of Toulouse, France, and was doing just a few months lengthy internship as a part of her research at our college, and along with Until they did like nearly all of the evaluation for this paper. Yep. After which I may additionally point out my fellow PhD colleagues in our group, Atte Keitaanranta and Alex Rawlings, who actually labored on the calculations of dynamical friction that we use on this work after which additionally with Alex we did N-body simulations to validate the tactic that we had been utilizing within the paper.
Brendan: Superior! … and you bought the outcomes out. Now thanks Jenni. Now earlier than your paper was printed as you talked about the accepted view was that our Milky Method, and the Andromeda galaxy had been destined to collide at a while within the distant future, 4 or 5 billion years. Are you able to inform us slightly bit in regards to the strategies, the fashions, the observations that you just use to exhibit that such a collision can now not be considered as a certainty?
Jenni: Yeah. So I feel what’s additionally partially actual cool right here is that we do use related strategies which have been used earlier than.
We check with what we do within the paper as a semi-analytical evaluation, which basically signifies that we use numerical orbital integration for the orbital evolution of our galaxies After which mix that with an analytical description of dynamical friction. We’ve modified, like I stated, Atte and Alex labored on lots on the rules for the dynamical friction. And with this, I imply that we used a modified model of the friction the place normally in the usual scheme of dynamical friction, you must assume that you’ve got a extra huge host galaxy and a smaller satellite tv for pc galaxy that’s orbiting round it.
However in our case, while you have a look at the Milky Method and Andromeda, it comes a bit troublesome to say which of those galaxies could be the host and which might be the satellite tv for pc. So we tried to account for that in our evaluation.
What can also be totally different to what’s been performed earlier than is that for this paper, we do use up to date observational values from the Gaia satellite tv for pc and its third knowledge launch. And in addition on prime of that, normally what has been performed is that these constraints from observations are getting used, so that you just take the imply worth of the remark, like what’s the correct movement of Andromeda and you’re taking the imply worth of that. So probably the most anticipated worth.
However what we did is that we made hundreds of Monte Carlo samples from the entire parameter house.
So together with all the observational errors that include these parameters. And from that parameter house, we sampled totally different sorts of technically attainable preliminary circumstances for our galaxies, after which that gave us the up to date prediction of this 50/50 probability.
After which as well as we included as much as 5 co-group galaxies, so normally like plenty of research have been made in regards to the two-body orbit between the Milky Method and Andromeda, after which additionally three-body orbits with together with both the third most huge native group galaxy, Triangulum, or then the fourth most huge one, which is the Massive Magellanic Cloud.
However we did this research with two-body orbits with three-body orbits, then with four-body orbits together with all of these 4 galaxies and even five-body orbits, which included moreover the Smaller Magellanic Cloud.
So I feel it was a mix of what’s been performed earlier than withsome perhaps broader option to get the state of affairs.
Brendan: Wow! Standing on the shoulders of giants and arising with actually artistic methods of trying into the long run. That’s lovely science. I actually find it irresistible how science is just not set in concrete, and the way you’ve demonstrated our understanding of our universe and our place in it may be refined after we discover new proof…
… and also you and your staff have performed precisely that!
So massive congratulations, and your staff should have been so excited to undergo that rigorous peer overview course of and find yourself being printed in Nature Astronomy.
Are you all nonetheless within the afterglow from that achievement?
Jenni: When the paper was printed it did get plenty of media consideration and it was additionally an enormous paper and I feel nicely … not less than I used to be … like I knew that it will be fascinating to the general public, however I feel I used to be nonetheless a bit stunned form of how massive it got here on the time.
For me, this was my first ever paper that I received to be part of, in order that was fairly massive as nicely. After which we had individuals on this venture working from totally different institutes all around the world, so it was additionally cool to see how the outcomes had been being talked about in Europe and North America and Australia, and it did really feel fairly superb to see how everybody was in what we did.
However I’d say that proper now, the main focus is on the comply with -up paper, which is my venture, and we wish to do these cosmological simulations that embrace extra sensible physics and see if we truly reproduce this end result … with a extra simplified method … or if we simply affirm what was identified earlier than.
Actually can’t say for the time being, however I feel that’s the place the main focus is de facto on proper now.
Brendan: Superior. I can’t wait to see that comply with -up paper. Thanks, Jenni.
Now, you and I dwell on reverse sides of our planet, your manner up north up close to the Arctic Circle, and I’m manner down south DownUnder right here, in Southern Australia.
I dwell manner out within the bush beneath lovely darkish skies and we frequently search for on the great Magellanic clouds, which are literally close by galaxies as you’ve talked about.
Does your PhD analysis let you know how my view of the Magellanic clouds will change if I dwell for just a few extra million or billion years?
Jenni: Oh, that’s a extremely good query.
Effectively, we do have a look at analogues of the native group in our simulation. So programs that might characterize the galaxy group that we’re in. And in there, we additionally have a look at analogues of satellites of Milky Method and Andromeda, which the Magellanic Clouds are. And whether or not or not they, as an illustration, merge with both of those galaxies earlier than the Andromeda and the Milky Method would merge.
That being stated, that is extra of a statistical research that we’re conducting.
So we’re trying to have hundreds of those analogues and to see on a extra of statistical premise how seemingly totally different situations are, and I feel we will say perhaps one thing about that we discover that on this many circumstances of our full pattern, we discover that the massive Magellanic Cloud would merge with the Milky Method, however you continue to can’t form of say that that may be a precise analog of the Massive Magellanic Cloud that’s within the sky.
I do know that some individuals are additionally doing simulations on that the place they attempt to discover the precise analog of the galaxy.
So there are issues just like the place of the galaxy with respect to the Milky Method and hydrodynamical composition and stuff like this which our simulations don’t essentially keep in mind. So I wish to say sure however I in all probability can’t do this, sadly.
Brendan: And that’s the way in which science works. Thanks very a lot, Jenni. I’d like to see that sooner or later, however I worry my probabilities of seeing that the legal guidelines of biology are in the way in which.
Okay, we’re updated now. We all know very nicely science doesn’t all the time sail easily, and we will hold our propeller heads on for a short while. Is there a specific a part of your PhD analysis that you just’re engaged on proper now that’s driving you loopy or is astonishingly thrilling or maybe each?
Jenni: Yeah, there have been a number of challenges alongside the way in which. Like I stated, we’re operating the primary simulations of this shopper into the long run. And like one humorous in citation marks, an issue which didn’t find yourself truly being an issue was that after we appeared on the positions of the galaxies within the simulation, they appeared to go over the precise bodily field measurement of the simulation.
And we had been actually confused about that for day or two, after which we ultimately realized that as a result of we’re issues … into the long run and the simulation is increasing, the field can also be increasing however normally you look into the previous, which signifies that the simulation field shrinks.
So there are issues like this, which have been sort of humorous to comprehend. And we’re additionally creating our personal simulations as an alternative of utilizing pre-existing ones, as a result of there are none that go into the long run, and it’s simply sluggish to debug and analyse…
… so normally you strive one thing, and then you definitely put your simulation to run, after which it queues for a short while within the supercomputers, after which it runs after which it crashes and then you definitely do that once more.
And I’ve been now debugging my latest simulation, which is greater than the earlier one we did for 2 weeks now.
And it’s sluggish, and it’s massively annoying.
But in addition, it’s like part of this job that you just get a brand new a message now and again, and then you definitely get excited once more, and you’ve got a brand new downside to unravel … and I feel it’s simply one thing that you must settle for while you’re doing this type of work.
Jenni: It sounds such as you’re on a rollercoaster there, Jenni … debugging. What in regards to the nature of your non-research work? We are able to take our science hats off a short while now.
Do you may have some other tasks as a PhD candidate on the College of Helsinki, like do you do tutoring or do you educate undergraduates?
Jenni: Yeah, in our college most PhD college students are additionally Educating Assistants throughout phrases on programs and I’ve been a TA on the cosmology programs for just a few years now and it’s plenty of work typically, however I feel it’s also actually cool to have that form of first expertise into what educating is like, after which additionally to speak with a lot of the college students not less than on the programs that I’ve created … are actually within the issues, and it’s enjoyable to speak about these items with the undergraduate college students.
I’ve additionally been already in my Bachelor’s and Grasp’s research fairly concerned in scholar governance on the college, and doing scholar consultant stuff at like program boards … and I’m at the moment on the Honorary Doctoral Program Board. I’m one of many scholar representatives.
I feel I actually appreciated that. I appreciated having the ability to see slightly bit behind the scenes on what’s occurring there, on the aspect the place issues are being selected about what it’s like to review on the college. And in addition it has allowed me to get extra acquainted with the workers and take slightly little bit of accountability there. And I do know some individuals who additionally may be co -supervisors on like Bachelor thesis tasks or one thing like this, however I haven’t performed that but myself.
After which like considered one of our tasks is to do our personal programs, that are a part of the diploma that we’re finishing right here. And I feel for many people, we’d simply love to do the analysis on a regular basis, however it’s in all probability good to have slightly little bit of the course up there as nicely to again up the information.
Brendan: Selection … the spice of life. Let’s get again to your work. As a PhD researcher, we’ve heard that you just’re essentially immersed in fixing a number of the most complicated and puzzling phenomena of our universe. Now, how do you do your finest considering?
Like, what circumstances do you normally have to swim clearly by that sea of knowledge and give you verifiable conclusions? What conditions and environment assist your finest considering. For me it’s chocolate.
Jenni: Chocolate is nice. I feel for me it needs to be espresso, which is a really Finnish factor. I drink plenty of it.
I feel, for actual although, I feel it’s a mixture of working with different individuals and dealing lengthy. I like that we have now a analysis group of about 10 individuals. And I’ve labored on just a few tasks already and it’s good to take a seat down with individuals and debug, or assume what to do subsequent or resolve any issues typically.
My co-workers, I feel that can be a key issue of doing analysis is to do it with different individuals and I actually get pleasure from that. That being stated, typically when there’s simply plenty of mechanical evaluation work to do, I do prefer to placed on some noise-canceling headphones and a Pomadoro timer or one thing related and simply stare on the code and do it in my very own form of cloud with some good music. So I feel it’s a mixture of these two, however I do actually like going to the workplace, even when I’d work on my own.
There are some days to then have breaks, and so see my coworkers and my pals and form of have one thing different to consider than simply the physics that I’m attempting to unravel.
Brendan: Implausible. Once more, we’re coming again to the range. Thanks, Jenni. Now, once I look again and checked out your training profile, I seen that you just had been working in your first science diploma when the Covid pandemic was peaking again in 2020 and 2021. Now, how did Covid have an effect on you and your loved ones and what was the impression in your research? Have been there classes learnt?
Jenni: Yeah, like for in all probability most people I noticed my household and pals lots much less.
I lived alone on the time, so I did spend typically … even weeks simply within the house on my own. And I can say that that was not issue on my psychological well being. Yeah. So then I used to be typically finding out, however then typically doing like summer season internships in analysis teams as a analysis assistant. And I did discover out then that I can’t work remotely for lengthy intervals of time. Like a day or two is okay.
And I can in all probability be very productive, however then once I had been residence for weeks, a while sitting at my desk alone. It was typically actually troublesome to get again down. Though I used to be curious about it … that was the expertise for me.
It was troublesome and I did realise that I wanted the desk at residence, as a result of I solely had my kitchen desk that I used to work at then, and that was not resolution, I’ve to say.
Brendan: Superb. Thanks. Look, you’ve painted that massive image of simulations and galaxy evolution and utilizing some supercomputers. We’ve checked out your PhD analysis and we’ve checked out your, very briefly at your follow-up paper, and we wore our science hats there for some time.
Might you now inform us slightly bit about a number of the issues exterior of your PhD that recurrently convey you nice pleasure, Jenni?
Jenni: Yeah, sure, I’d be pleased to. Like I stated earlier than, I get pleasure from going to the workplace to see my colleagues and pals and I feel additionally having these connections and seeing these individuals within the workplace or exterior of the workplace is one thing that I actually get pleasure from.
I do have some hobbies of my very own. I do, or I’ve performed most of my life … Finnish folks dancing. I feel since I used to be about 4 when my mother put me into one of many lessons and it’s like considered one of my favourite issues nonetheless … and I like the group that I’m a part of now, and the group that I used to be a part of once I was youthful. I feel one of the best a part of that has been to get in contact with the normal customs and costumes of the Finnish individuals, along with the precise dance itself.
Then a 12 months in the past, I took up taekwon-do, which was intimidating at first, however I’ve actually come to love it. And I hope that I can proceed to do it for a very long time. After which typically I like to simply be on my own. After which I normally learn fantasy books or science fiction. After which additionally, I’ve a Nintendo Change that I prefer to sport on. In the mean time,
I’m actually into Stardew Valley, which is a really stress-free option to get your thoughts off different issues. Yeah. Yeah.
Brendan: Jenni: That’s improbable, Jenni. Thanks. I’ll should search for and discover out a bit about Finnish dancing. It sounds lovely. Okay, so that you’ve performed some educating assistant work as a instructor of each graduates and undergraduate college students. Is outreach an vital a part of being an astrophysicist?
Jenni: I do assume so. I feel one of many details of doing science is to speak it to the general public. And I feel that the aim is to not have the information by your self, however to additionally share it with the individuals who for one motive or one other can’t be doing that. And I do assume it’s nearly like a accountability for a scientist to speak what we’re studying in regards to the world to most of the people.
Brendan: Implausible … and also you’re doing precisely that as we converse. Thanks very a lot Jenni.
Okay we’ve reached the purpose the place lastly the microphone is all yours and also you’ve received the chance to provide us your favourite rant or rave about one of many challenges that we face in science. Inequity in representations of variety or in science denialism or science profession paths or your very personal ardour for analysis or that vast human quest for brand spanking new information, the microphone is all yours.
Jenni: Wow. Thanks, Brendan. This appears like an enormous accountability to decide on what I may discuss. So there was a lunar eclipse this week. And I feel that was a really concrete reminder for me about house and about the truth that what we’re finding out are literally actual objects.
I feel it’s actually too straightforward to neglect while you do your on a regular basis work and also you have a look at your simulations and you’ve got some particles there and that provides you some details about your system that it will get simply form of mechanical, and I feel it’s straightforward to neglect that these objects that we’re in our pc screens are literally on the market on this planet, not less than for the kind of analysis that I’m doing.
And I simply assume it’s, in some methods, it’s scary, however I feel it’s actually lovely to assume how small we’re within the context of the universe, and it’s nonetheless, it’s troublesome for me to wrap my thoughts round like once I was trying on the lunar eclipse and on the moon to assume like that object is definitely on the market in house and people galaxies that I’m following in my simulations are literally on the market within the house and that we’re in considered one of them and I don’t realize it simply ….
I feel it’s actually actually thrilling, it’s actually lovely indirectly that human society has superior to this degree that we’re capable of research these objects we’re capable of attempt to perceive the place we truly are as a result of I feel in some methods we nonetheless don’t precisely know within the bigger scale of the universe and I don’t know I get a bit overwhelmed once I begin fascinated with it however I feel it’s reminder for a scientist and astrophysicist to now and again remind your self that these fascinating and funky issues that we’re are literally …
I imply in the event you’re an observer it’s in all probability a lot simpler, however not less than while you do like theoretical work and work with simulations, it’s straightforward to neglect and I feel it’s a very nice factor to remind your self that it’s simply astonishingly cool that we’re in a position to do that and research these items.
Brendan: Thanks, Jenni. You’re definitely retaining it actual. Okay. Say the rest we should always be careful for within the close to future. What are you retaining your eye on?
Jenni: Naturally, I’m retaining my eye on the the subsequent knowledge launch of the Gaia satellite tv for pc, which is giving us extra details about the motions of the objects within the native group of galaxies that’s deliberate to reach in late 2026. Yeah.
And one thing else that I feel that I’m not engaged on, however I feel actually thrilling, which can also be deliberate to reach in late 2026 are the outcomes of the Euclid satellite tv for pc which has been now in house for a bit over two years and it retains mapping the sky for a 3D map of galaxies, and I do know that some knowledge has already coming however I feel there’s extra knowledge coming and I’m actually excited Euclid is attempting to reply massive questions on Darkish Power and Darkish Matter, and I feel that’s one thing that I’m very excited to see.
After which some individuals in my analysis group are engaged on supermassive black holes, which may produce gravitational waves, very loosely linked to what I did in my Masters. However there’s a extremely massive science venture on that entrance known as LISA, which is deliberate to be launched in perhaps about 20 years, that ought to observe gravitational waves in house so I feel that can also be one thing individuals ought to hold their eye on.
Brendan: Okay, GAIA, EUCLID and LISA … hold your eye on it with Jenni.
Effectively, thanks a lot PhD candidate Jenni Häkkinen … On behalf of all of our listeners and particularly from me, it’s been actually thrilling to be talking with you manner up there in Helsinki. And to listen to about your entire discoveries to have fun your first paper and to seek out out about your follow-up paper. Thanks particularly to your time. I do know you’ve received a grueling schedule and all the strain to research all that top efficiency knowledge.
And good luck with all of your subsequent adventures and all of your future travels.
Now listeners can tune in to Jenni’s analysis. It’s all straightforward to seek out. It’s on tinyeurlDOTcom/jenhelsinki.
That’s J -E -N -H -E -L -S -I -N -Okay -I. All lowercase, all one phrase.
So take a look at Jenni’s analysis. Might your profession proceed to be out of this galaxy. I can’t wait to see that follow-up paper. Thanks Jenni.
Jenni: Thanks a lot Brendan. It has been a pleasure to speak with you, and yeah I can’t wait to see what comes subsequent.
Brendan: Superior. Good evening Jenni.
Jenni: Good evening Brendan
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