Beginner astronomers simply love the problem of trying out these horizon-hugging southern constellations and in search of the deep-sky gems they host. On the time of the yr the nice southern constellation of Sculptor suits the invoice completely.
Sculptor is the biggest of the southern constellations invented by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, in 1756. Initially named by him ’l’Atelier du Sculpteur’, the sculptor’s studio, it was shortened to Sculptor in 1845, following a suggestion by John Herschel.
From the south of England, everything of Sculptor simply clears the horizon at about 10pm GMT on the finish of October, although its northern boundary with Cetus has a declination of between 24 to 25 levels south. Sculptor offers largely in galaxies, with a number of the most interesting examples in the whole sky situated on its premises. These of us dwelling at mid-northern latitudes can catch a glimpse of magnificent NGC 253, the massive and vibrant Silver Coin Galaxy that’s the most effective galaxy in Sculptor. As an ideal bonus, the very good globular cluster NGC 288 lie simply to the south-east.
Flip for NGC 253, Sculptor’s Silver Coin, or Silver Greenback Galaxy
Sculptor hosts a reasonably barren, star-poor space of sky to the south of Cetus and Aquarius. Although alpha Sculptoris shines at solely fourth-magnitude it’s the constellation’s brightest star. NGC 253 lies 4.7 levels to its north-west and culminates mid-month at about 10.10pm GMT. From London, it then lies round 13 levels excessive, although it achieves an altitude of simply 9 levels from Scotland. NGC 253 is the brightest member of the Sculptor Group, a free grouping of galaxies that’s one of many nearest to the Milky Manner, mendacity simply 12.7 million gentle years away.
The Silver Coin Galaxy shines brightly at magnitude +7.1, although its high-surface brightness owing to its virtually edge-on presentation is a better asset for UK observers. A 100mm (four-inch) telescope reveals a cigar-shaped object that’s oriented north-east to south-west on the sky. On an distinctive night time beneath a darkish sky, the Silver Coin’s main axis could method 20’ in size; to its fullest extent it spans 26’ x 7.4’.
Sculptor could also be nondescript visually, however NGC 253 is only one of its high quality number of vibrant galaxies, with NGC 55 being the cream of the remainder of the crop; each galaxies make very good targets for distant imagers utilising tools hosted all over the world, particularly that primarily based within the Southern Hemisphere. There are quite a few different high quality galaxies that may be noticed from southern Europe or remotely imaged. These embody NGC 134, NGC 613 and NGC 7793.
NGC 288: a high quality globular cluster rivalling many Messier’s
When you’ve noticed the Silver Coin Galaxy, look slightly below two levels south and east and also you’ll see NGC 288, a formidable, magnitude +8.1 globular cluster that spans 14’.
On a clear and moonless night time (the moon is new on 1 November) at a website freed from main sources of sunshine air pollution, a small telescope of round 80mm (~three inches) in measurement ought to choose it up as; it lies about eight levels south-south-east of Diphda (beta [b] Ceti, magazine. +2) and three levels north-north-west of alpha (a) Sculptoris (magazine. +4.3).
NGC 288 is a free cluster, with maybe a 200–250mm (eight- to ten-inch) resolving a peppering of its outlying stars at average powers on a gentle night time. It will likely be fairly a thrill to seek out and observe.
Head north for NGC 247, a bonus in Cetus
Being to this point south, why not now dip into the big southern constellation of Cetus, the ocean monster, whose teeming galaxy fields are approaching the southern meridian by about mid-evening. Along with Aquarius and Pisces, Cetus could be considered one other member of the ’Celestial Water’ group of constellations. Cetus shares a part of its southern boundary with Sculptor.
Cetus boasts a few usually visited targets, with deep-sky devotees being very conversant in Messier 77, the storied and oft-observed galaxy, and variable star observers monitoring Mira, the archetypal long-period variable star. Nevertheless, let’s head south to mine deeper into Cetus’ galactic heritage.
NGC 247 (Caldwell 62) is a big (spanning 20’ x 7.4’), inclined spiral that’s generally known as the ‘Dusty Spiral’ or the ‘Needles Eye’, owing it sporting a darkish patch on one facet. NGC 247 is one other member of the Sculptor Group.
Observers on the lookout for NGC 247 will encounter two speedy challenges: it by no means rises increased than 20 levels from the UK and, regardless of its inclined presentation, it suffers from low floor brightness, owing partially to its dusty disc with disorganised spiral arms.
One saving grace is that NGC 247 is simple to seek out, because it lies slightly below three levels south of Diphda (beta [β]) Ceti. On the finish of October from the south of England, NGC 247 culminates at simply after 10pm GMT, at an altitude of round 18 levels. A low-power view by means of a 100–150mm (four- to six-inch) telescope ought to snare it on a high quality night time.
