Vogt, C. & Weckhuysen, B. M. The idea of lively website in heterogeneous catalysis. Nat. Rev. Chem. 6, 89–111 (2022).
Qiao, B. et al. Single-atom catalysis of CO oxidation utilizing Pt1/FeOx. Nat. Chem. 3, 634–641 (2011). This report launched the idea of SACs, through which single Pt atoms on a FeOx help confirmed excessive exercise and stability for CO oxidation.
Yang, X.-F. et al. Single-atom catalysts: a brand new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. Acc. Chem. Res. 46, 1740–1748 (2013).
Wang, A., Li, J. & Zhang, T. Heterogeneous single-atom catalysis. Nat. Rev. Chem. 2, 65–81 (2018).
Liu, L. & Corma, A. Metallic catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis: from single atoms to nanoclusters and nanoparticles. Chem. Rev. 118, 4981–5079 (2018).
Kyriakou, G. et al. Remoted metallic atom geometries as a technique for selective heterogeneous hydrogenations. Science 335, 1209–1212 (2012).
Yang, J., Li, W., Wang, D. & Li, Y. Digital metallic–help interplay of single-atom catalysts and functions in electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 32, 2003300 (2020).
Nie, L. et al. Activation of floor lattice oxygen in single-atom Pt/CeO2 for low-temperature CO oxidation. Science 358, 1419–1423 (2017).
Lin, L. et al. Low-temperature hydrogen manufacturing from water and methanol utilizing Pt/α-MoC catalysts. Nature 544, 80–83 (2017).
Liu, D. et al. Atomically dispersed platinum supported on curved carbon helps for environment friendly electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat. Vitality 4, 512–518 (2019).
Xiong, Y. et al. Single-atom Rh/N-doped carbon electrocatalyst for formic acid oxidation. Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 390–397 (2020).
Mehmood, A. et al. Excessive loading of single atomic iron websites in Fe–NC oxygen discount catalysts for proton change membrane gasoline cells. Nat. Catal. 5, 311–323 (2022).
Teng, Z. et al. Atomically dispersed antimony on carbon nitride for the factitious photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Nat. Catal. 4, 374–384 (2021).
Tan, H. et al. Photocatalysis of water into hydrogen peroxide over an atomic Ga–N5 website. Nat. Synth. 2, 557–563 (2023).
Ji, S. et al. Matching the kinetics of pure enzymes with a single-atom iron nanozyme. Nat. Catal. 4, 407–417 (2021).
Liu, Y. et al. Latest advances in carbon-supported noble-metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution response: syntheses, constructions, and properties. Adv. Vitality Mater. 12, 2200928 (2022).
Wei, H. et al. FeOx-supported platinum single-atom and pseudo-single-atom catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes. Nat. Commun. 5, 5634 (2014).
Solar, Ok., Shan, H., Neumann, H., Lu, G.-P. & Beller, M. Environment friendly iron single-atom catalysts for selective ammoxidation of alcohols to nitriles. Nat. Commun. 13, 1848 (2022).
Zhao, J. et al. A heterogeneous iridium single-atom-site catalyst for extremely regioselective carbenoid O–H bond insertion. Nat. Catal. 4, 523–531 (2021).
Chen, Z. et al. A heterogeneous single-atom palladium catalyst surpassing homogeneous methods for Suzuki coupling. Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 702–707 (2018).
Bajada, M. A. et al. Gentle-driven C–O coupling of carboxylic acids and alkyl halides over a Ni single-atom catalyst. Nat. Synth. 2, 1092–1103 (2023).
Yang, H. B. et al. Atomically dispersed Ni(I) because the lively website for electrochemical CO2 discount. Nat. Vitality 3, 140–147 (2018).
Jung, E. et al. Atomic-level tuning of Co–N–C catalyst for high-performance electrochemical H2O2 manufacturing. Nat. Mater. 19, 436–442 (2020).
Zheng, T. et al. Copper-catalysed unique CO2 to pure formic acid conversion by way of single-atom alloying. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 1386–1393 (2021). This work investigated a single-atom Pb-alloyed Cu catalyst within the electrochemical CO2RR and revealed that remoted Pb atoms exactly tune the digital/geometric construction of the Cu catalyst however cannot work as lively websites.
Datye, A. Ok. & Guo, H. Single atom catalysis poised to transition from an educational curiosity to an industrially related know-how. Nat. Commun. 12, 895 (2021).
Li, X., Yang, X., Zhang, J., Huang, Y. & Liu, B. In situ/operando strategies for characterization of single-atom catalysts. ACS Catal. 9, 2521–2531 (2019).
Hulva, J. et al. Unraveling CO adsorption on mannequin single-atom catalysts. Science 371, 375–379 (2021).
Cao, H. et al. Engineering single-atom electrocatalysts for enhancing kinetics of acidic volmer response. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 13038–13047 (2023).
Yang, H. B. et al. Identification of non-metal single atomic phosphorus lively websites for the CO2 discount response. EES Catal. 1, 774–783 (2023). This work prolonged the definition of SACs to a household of non-metal catalytic centres.
Gu, Y., Xi, B. J., Zhang, H., Ma, Y. C. & Xiong, S. L. Activation of main-group antimony atomic websites for oxygen discount catalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202202200 (2022).
Zhao, Y. et al. Non-metal single-iodine-atom electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution response. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 12252–12257 (2019).
Fu, W. et al. Non-metal single-phosphorus-atom catalysis of hydrogen evolution. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 23791–23799 (2020).
Ding, Ok. et al. Identification of lively websites in CO oxidation and water-gas shift over supported Pt catalysts. Science 350, 189–192 (2015).
Li, M. et al. Single-atom tailoring of platinum nanocatalysts for high-performance multifunctional electrocatalysis. Nat. Catal. 2, 495–503 (2019).
Wang, Q. et al. Coordination engineering of iridium nanocluster bifunctional electrocatalyst for extremely environment friendly and pH-universal general water splitting. Nat. Commun. 11, 4246 (2020).
Wang, P. et al. Breaking scaling relations to realize low-temperature ammonia synthesis via LiH-mediated nitrogen switch and hydrogenation. Nat. Chem. 9, 64–70 (2017).
Campos, J. Bimetallic cooperation throughout the periodic desk. Nat. Rev. Chem. 4, 696–702 (2020).
Zhang, W. et al. Rising dual-atomic-site catalysts for environment friendly power catalysis. Adv. Mater. 33, 2102576 (2021).
Li, W.-H., Yang, J. & Wang, D. Lengthy-range interactions in diatomic catalysts boosting electrocatalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202213318 (2022).
Zhu, P., Xiong, X., Wang, D. & Li, Y. Advances and regulation methods of the lively moiety in dual-atom website catalysts for environment friendly electrocatalysis. Adv. Vitality Mater. 13, 2300884 (2023).
Wang, Q. et al. Atomic metallic–non-metal catalytic pair drives environment friendly hydrogen oxidation catalysis in gasoline cells. Nat. Catal. 6, 916–926 (2023). This examine represented the primary definition and software of ICPs, through which the reactive *OH species adsorbed on the extra oxophilic P website induced an alternate thermodynamic pathway to facilely mix with the *H on the adjoining Ir atom, thus synergistically boosting the efficiency for HOR in gasoline cells.
He, Q. et al. Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to syngas with controllable CO/H2 ratios over Co and Ni single-atom catalysts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 3033–3037 (2020).
Zhao, Y. et al. Simultaneous oxidative and reductive reactions in a single system by atomic design. Nat. Catal. 4, 134–143 (2021). By integrating two appropriate single-atom methods of Pd and Fe as a yolk–shell construction, this catalyst concurrently catalysed nitroaromatic hydrogenation and alkene epoxidation reactions, resulting in a cascade synthesis of amino alcohols.
Chen, J. et al. Twin single-atomic Ni–N4 and Fe–N4 websites establishing Janus hole graphene for selective oxygen electrocatalysis. Adv. Mater. 32, 2003134 (2020).
Tang, C. et al. Tailoring acidic oxygen discount selectivity on single-atom catalysts by way of modification of first and second coordination spheres. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 7819–7827 (2021).
Chang, X. et al. Designing single-site alloy catalysts utilizing a degree-of-isolation descriptor. Nat. Nanotechnol. 18, 611–616 (2023).
Jin, Z. et al. Understanding the inter-site distance impact in single-atom catalysts for oxygen electroreduction. Nat. Catal. 4, 615–622 (2021).
Jiao, L. et al. Non-bonding interplay of neighboring Fe and Ni single-atom pairs on MOF-derived N-doped carbon for enhanced CO2 electroreduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 19417–19424 (2021).
Luo, F. et al. Structural and reactivity results of secondary metallic doping into iron-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for oxygen electroreduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 14737–14747 (2023).
Zhang, L. et al. Atomic layer deposited Pt-Ru dual-metal dimers and figuring out their lively websites for hydrogen evolution response. Nat. Commun. 10, 4936 (2019).
Cui, T. et al. Engineering twin single-atom websites on 2D ultrathin N-doped carbon nanosheets attaining ultra-low-temperature zinc–air battery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202115219 (2022).
Yan, H. et al. Backside-up exact synthesis of steady platinum dimers on graphene. Nat. Commun. 8, 1070 (2017).
Jiang, Z. et al. Interlayer-confined NiFe twin atoms inside MoS2 electrocatalyst for ultra-efficient acidic general water splitting. Adv. Mater. 35, 2300505 (2023).
Li, Y. et al. Atomically dispersed dual-metal website catalysts for enhanced CO2 discount: mechanistic perception into lively website constructions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202205632 (2022).
Zhang, N. et al. Excessive-density planar-like Fe2N6 construction catalyzes environment friendly oxygen discount. Matter 3, 509–521 (2020).
Jiao, J. et al. Copper atom-pair catalyst anchored on alloy nanowires for selective and environment friendly electrochemical discount of CO2. Nat. Chem. 11, 222–228 (2019). This work reported a homologous binuclear DAC that includes steady Cu10−Cu1x+ pair configurations, with Cu10 adsorbing CO2 and the neighbouring Cu1x+ adsorbing H2O, which thereby labored collectively to advertise the essential bimolecular step in CO2 discount.
Hao, Q. et al. Nickel dual-atom websites for electrochemical carbon dioxide discount. Nat. Synth. 1, 719–728 (2022).
Hai, X. et al. Geminal-atom catalysis for cross-coupling. Nature 622, 754–760 (2023).
Li, H. et al. Synergetic interplay between neighbouring platinum monomers in CO2 hydrogenation. Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 411–417 (2018). This examine found the synergetic interplay between neighbouring Pt monomers that lowered the activation power barrier and underwent distinct response paths relative to remoted monomers.
Wang, J. et al. Design of N-coordinated dual-metal websites: a steady and lively Pt-free catalyst for acidic oxygen discount response. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 17281–17284 (2017).
Zhang, X. et al. Figuring out and tailoring C–N coupling website for environment friendly urea synthesis over diatomic Fe–Ni catalyst. Nat. Commun. 13, 5337 (2022).
Li, X. et al. Palladium and ruthenium dual-single-atom websites on porous ionic polymers for acetylene dialkoxycarbonylation: synergetic results stabilize the lively website and enhance CO adsorption. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202307570 (2023).
Fang, C. et al. Synergy of dual-atom catalysts deviated from the scaling relationship for oxygen evolution response. Nat. Commun. 14, 4449 (2023).
Zhao, Q.-P. et al. Photograph-induced synthesis of heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts. Nat. Synth. 3, 497–506 (2024). This work proposed a common ‘navigation and positioning’ methodology to exactly and scalably synthesize a collection of heteronuclear DACs and demonstrated excellent photocatalytic HER exercise for as-prepared Zn1–Ru1/DACs.
Du, J. et al. CoIn dual-atom catalyst for hydrogen peroxide manufacturing by way of oxygen discount response in acid. Nat. Commun. 14, 4766 (2023).
Zhang, S. et al. Atomically dispersed bimetallic Fe–Co electrocatalysts for inexperienced manufacturing of ammonia. Nat. Maintain. 6, 169–179 (2023).
Younger, D. Computational Chemistry: A Sensible Information for Making use of Strategies to Actual World Issues (Wiley, 2001).
Ding, J. et al. Room-temperature chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroarene over atomic metallic–nonmetal catalytic pair. Adv. Mater. 36, 2306480 (2024).
Zhang, Q. et al. Boosting the proton-coupled electron switch by way of Fe−P atomic pair for enhanced electrochemical CO2 discount. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202311550 (2023).
Ding, J. et al. A tin-based tandem electrocatalyst for CO2 discount to ethanol with 80% selectivity. Nat. Vitality 8, 1386–1394 (2023). This examine reported that an ICP comprising Sn and O lively websites may adsorb *CHO and *CO(OH) intermediates, respectively, due to this fact selling C−C bond formation via a tandem formyl–bicarbonate coupling pathway in electrochemical CO2 discount to ethanol.
Ding, J. et al. Circumventing CO2 discount scaling relations over the heteronuclear diatomic catalytic pair. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 11829–11836 (2023). On this report, the adsorption configuration transitioned from the bridge configuration of CO2 on Fe1–Mo1/ICP to the linear configuration of CO on the Fe1 centre, which resulted in breaking the scaling relationship within the CO2RR, concurrently selling CO2 activation and CO launch.
Bligaard, T. et al. The Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relation and the volcano curve in heterogeneous catalysis. J. Catal. 224, 206–217 (2004).
Abild-Pedersen, F. et al. Scaling properties of adsorption energies for hydrogen-containing molecules on transition-metal surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 016105 (2007).
Koper, M. T. M. Thermodynamic idea of multi-electron switch reactions: Implications for electrocatalysis. J. Electroanal. Chem. 660, 254–260 (2011).
Gao, R. et al. Pt/Fe2O3 with Pt–Fe pair websites as a catalyst for oxygen discount with ultralow Pt loading. Nat. Vitality 6, 614–623 (2021).
Ro, I. et al. Bifunctional hydroformylation on heterogeneous Rh–WOx pair website catalysts. Nature 609, 287–292 (2022).
Zeng, L. et al. Cooperative Rh–O5/Ni(Fe) website for environment friendly biomass upgrading coupled with H2 manufacturing. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 17577–17587 (2023).
Zhou, Y. et al. Peripheral-nitrogen results on the Ru1 centre for extremely environment friendly propane dehydrogenation. Nat. Catal. 5, 1145–1156 (2022).
Xia, W. et al. Adjoining copper single atoms promote C–C coupling in electrochemical CO2 discount for the environment friendly conversion of ethanol. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 17253–17264 (2023).
Yang, Y. et al. O-coordinated W–Mo dual-atom catalyst for pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Sci. Adv. 6, eaba6586 (2020).
Bai, L., Hsu, C.-S., Alexander, D. T. L., Chen, H. M. & Hu, X. Double-atom catalysts as a molecular platform for heterogeneous oxygen evolution electrocatalysis. Nat. Vitality 6, 1054–1066 (2021).
Chen, Y. et al. Isolating single and few atoms for enhanced catalysis. Adv. Mater. 34, 2201796 (2022).
Wang, L. et al. A sulfur-tethering synthesis technique towards high-loading atomically dispersed noble metallic catalysts. Sci. Adv. 5, eaax6322 (2019).
Wang, Q. et al. Lengthy-term stability challenges and alternatives in acidic oxygen evolution electrocatalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202216645 (2023).
Liu, L. & Corma, A. Identification of the lively websites in supported subnanometric metallic catalysts. Nat. Catal. 4, 453–456 (2021).
Ajayi, T. M. et al. Characterization of only one atom utilizing synchrotron X-rays. Nature 618, 69–73 (2023).
Inexperienced, I. X., Tang, W., Neurock, M. & Yates, J. T. Spectroscopic statement of twin catalytic websites throughout oxidation of CO on a Au/TiO2 catalyst. Science 333, 736–739 (2011).
Wei, S. et al. Direct statement of noble metallic nanoparticles reworking to thermally steady single atoms. Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 856–861 (2018).
Hartman, T., Geitenbeek, R. G., Whiting, G. T. & Weckhuysen, B. M. Operando monitoring of temperature and lively species on the single catalyst particle stage. Nat. Catal. 2, 986–996 (2019).
Maurer, F. et al. Monitoring the formation, destiny and consequence for catalytic exercise of Pt single websites on CeO2. Nat. Catal. 3, 824–833 (2020).
Zhong, M. et al. Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts utilizing lively machine studying. Nature 581, 178–183 (2020).
Liu, J.-C. et al. Heterogeneous Fe3 single-cluster catalyst for ammonia synthesis by way of an associative mechanism. Nat. Commun. 9, 1610 (2018).
Wang, G., Jiang, X.-L., Jiang, Y.-F., Wang, Y.-G. & Li, J. Screened Fe3 and Ru3 single-cluster catalysts anchored on MoS2 helps for selective hydrogenation of CO2. ACS Catal. 13, 8413–8422 (2023).
Han, L. et al. A single-atom library for guided monometallic and concentration-complex multimetallic designs. Nat. Mater. 21, 681–688 (2022).
